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Networking Basics — Questions and Answers

Networking fundamentals appear in IT support, cloud, DevOps and security interviews, and in the technical round of most service companies. The expectation for a fresher is precise: name the OSI layers, place common protocols on them, distinguish TCP from UDP with a use case each, and walk through what happens when a browser loads a URL.

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Networking Basics— Concepts, Formulas & Shortcuts

  • OSI layers (bottom-up): Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.
  • TCP is connection-oriented, reliable and ordered (three-way handshake); UDP is connectionless, fast and lossy — used for DNS, VoIP and streaming.
  • IP addressing: IPv4 is 32-bit, IPv6 is 128-bit. Private ranges: 10.x, 172.16–31.x, 192.168.x.
  • DNS resolves names to IP addresses; DHCP leases IP configuration automatically.
  • A switch forwards by MAC address at Layer 2; a router forwards by IP address at Layer 3.
  • Common ports: HTTP 80, HTTPS 443, SSH 22, FTP 21, SMTP 25, DNS 53.

Networking Basics Practice Questions with Answers

Attempt each question first, then open the explanation. All 8 questions below are free to read and require no signup.

  1. Q1.How many layers does the OSI model have?

    Easy
    • A4
    • B5
    • C7
    • D8
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: C. 7

    Explanation: The OSI model has 7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation and Application.

    Networking Basics question 1 of 8

  2. Q2.Which protocol is connection-oriented and guarantees delivery?

    Easy
    • AUDP
    • BTCP
    • CICMP
    • DARP
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: B. TCP

    Explanation: TCP uses a three-way handshake, sequence numbers and acknowledgements to guarantee ordered, reliable delivery.

    Networking Basics question 2 of 8

  3. Q3.A router operates primarily at which OSI layer?

    Easy
    • APhysical
    • BData Link
    • CNetwork
    • DTransport
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: C. Network

    Explanation: Routers forward packets based on IP addresses, which is Layer 3 (Network). Switches operate at Layer 2.

    Networking Basics question 3 of 8

  4. Q4.The default port for HTTPS is:

    Easy
    • A21
    • B80
    • C443
    • D8080
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: C. 443

    Explanation: HTTPS uses port 443; plain HTTP uses 80.

    Networking Basics question 4 of 8

  5. Q5.Which protocol automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network?

    Easy
    • ADNS
    • BDHCP
    • CFTP
    • DSNMP
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: B. DHCP

    Explanation: DHCP leases IP address, subnet mask, gateway and DNS settings to clients automatically.

    Networking Basics question 5 of 8

  6. Q6.How many bits are there in an IPv4 address?

    Easy
    • A16
    • B32
    • C64
    • D128
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: B. 32

    Explanation: IPv4 addresses are 32 bits, written as four octets. IPv6 addresses are 128 bits.

    Networking Basics question 6 of 8

  7. Q7.Which of these is a private IP address range?

    Difficult
    • A8.8.8.0/24
    • B192.168.0.0/16
    • C172.32.0.0/16
    • D11.0.0.0/8
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: B. 192.168.0.0/16

    Explanation: RFC 1918 private ranges are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16. 172.32.x lies outside the 172.16–172.31 block.

    Networking Basics question 7 of 8

  8. Q8.A switch forwards frames based on:

    Moderate
    • AIP address
    • BMAC address
    • CPort number
    • DDomain name
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: B. MAC address

    Explanation: A Layer 2 switch builds a MAC address table and forwards frames to the port where the destination MAC was learned.

    Networking Basics question 8 of 8

Networking Basics — Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between TCP and UDP?+

TCP establishes a connection with a three-way handshake and guarantees ordered, error-checked delivery with retransmission. UDP just sends datagrams with no handshake or guarantee, which makes it faster and suitable for DNS, gaming, voice and video.

What happens when you type a URL in a browser?+

DNS resolves the domain to an IP, a TCP connection is opened (plus a TLS handshake for HTTPS), an HTTP request is sent, the server responds, and the browser parses HTML and fetches the referenced assets.

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