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Computer Basics — Questions and Answers

Computer Fundamentals is a guaranteed scoring section in bank clerical, SSC, railway and state government exams, and in non-CS campus tests. The syllabus is small and stable: hardware versus software, the memory hierarchy, input and output devices, number systems, and the abbreviations examiners love to ask directly.

8 solved questionsComputer FundamentalsFree · no signup

Computer Basics— Concepts, Formulas & Shortcuts

  • CPU = ALU + Control Unit + registers; it is the "brain" that executes instructions.
  • RAM is volatile primary memory; ROM is non-volatile and holds firmware such as the BIOS.
  • Memory hierarchy from fastest to slowest: registers → cache → RAM → SSD/HDD → tape.
  • 1 byte = 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes; 1 MB = 1024 KB; 1 GB = 1024 MB.
  • System software (OS, compilers, drivers) runs the machine; application software does user work.
  • Common abbreviations: CPU, RAM, ROM, GUI, OS, URL, HTTP, LAN, WAN, USB, BIOS.

Computer Basics Practice Questions with Answers

Attempt each question first, then open the explanation. All 8 questions below are free to read and require no signup.

  1. Q1.Which unit of the CPU performs arithmetic and logical operations?

    Easy
    • AControl Unit
    • BALU
    • CRegister
    • DCache
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: B. ALU

    Explanation: The Arithmetic Logic Unit performs all arithmetic and logical computation; the Control Unit sequences instructions.

    Computer Basics question 1 of 8

  2. Q2.RAM is best described as:

    Easy
    • APermanent storage
    • BVolatile primary memory
    • CRead-only firmware
    • DSecondary storage
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: B. Volatile primary memory

    Explanation: RAM is volatile working memory — its contents are lost when the computer is powered off.

    Computer Basics question 2 of 8

  3. Q3.1 kilobyte equals:

    Easy
    • A1000 bytes
    • B1024 bytes
    • C512 bytes
    • D8 bytes
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: B. 1024 bytes

    Explanation: In computing, 1 KB = 2¹⁰ = 1024 bytes.

    Computer Basics question 3 of 8

  4. Q4.Which of these is an input device?

    Easy
    • AMonitor
    • BPrinter
    • CScanner
    • DSpeaker
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: C. Scanner

    Explanation: A scanner sends data into the computer. Monitors, printers and speakers all output data.

    Computer Basics question 4 of 8

  5. Q5.The full form of BIOS is:

    Easy
    • ABasic Input Output System
    • BBinary Integrated Operating System
    • CBasic Internal Operating Software
    • DBootable Input Output Storage
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: A. Basic Input Output System

    Explanation: BIOS is firmware stored in ROM that initialises the hardware and starts the boot process.

    Computer Basics question 5 of 8

  6. Q6.Which memory is the fastest?

    Moderate
    • ACache memory
    • BCPU registers
    • CRAM
    • DHard disk
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: B. CPU registers

    Explanation: Registers sit inside the CPU and are the fastest storage available, followed by cache, then RAM.

    Computer Basics question 6 of 8

  7. Q7.An operating system is an example of:

    Easy
    • AApplication software
    • BSystem software
    • CFirmware only
    • DUtility hardware
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: B. System software

    Explanation: The OS manages hardware and provides services to applications, making it system software.

    Computer Basics question 7 of 8

  8. Q8.The binary number 1010 equals which decimal value?

    Moderate
    • A8
    • B10
    • C12
    • D14
    +Show Answer & Explanation

    Answer: B. 10

    Explanation: 1×8 + 0×4 + 1×2 + 0×1 = 10.

    Computer Basics question 8 of 8

Computer Basics — Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between RAM and ROM?+

RAM is volatile read-write working memory that loses its contents when power is cut. ROM is non-volatile and normally read-only, storing firmware such as the BIOS that starts the machine.

Which memory is the fastest in a computer?+

CPU registers, followed by cache (L1, L2, L3), then RAM, then secondary storage. Speed decreases and capacity increases as you move down the hierarchy.

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